We are committed to being open and transparent about the research we conduct involving animals and have signed the Concordat on Openness on Animal Research in the UK promoted by the Understanding Animal Research organisation.

Much of our research at Glasgow involves studying lab-grown cells, human-derived tissues or computer models, but often useful knowledge can only be gained by understanding how a disease or drug functions in a living organism.

Animals are only used in research at Glasgow when there is no other suitable alternative available, and we are committed to the principles of the three Rs – replacement, refinement and reduction.

The welfare of our research animals is very important and we provide high-quality in-house veterinary care and housing facilities. Where necessary our animals receive anaesthesia and pain relief to minimise their discomfort and distress and they are humanely euthanised at the end of their lives.

All of our scientists who are engaged in animal research are properly trained and licensed and we work under the strict legislation and guidance issued by the Home Office.

We believe animals have made and continue to make a huge contribution to our understanding of human and animal health. Without their contribution many of the medicines and therapies we have at our disposal, and much of our knowledge, just wouldn’t exist.

The animals we use

The University uses a variety of mammals, birds, fish and amphibians for research purposes and procedures.

All our animals are housed in proper facilities and are cared for by a team of veterinary surgeons, animal care staff and support staff who are all fully-qualified and trained. Our facilities are regularly inspected by the Home Office.

 

Animals used at The University of Glasgow

 A pie chart showing the numbers of animals used at the University of Glasgow in 2024

Other include sheep, rabbits, cattle, dogs and frogs.

 

Numbers of animals used since 2018

 

2018

2019

2020

2021

   2022 

2023

 2024  

Rodent

125,051

114,082

96,583

98,655

104,266

98,273

92,499

Fish

2,061

2,807

4,505

3,775

3,059

2,788

5,992

Bird

1,577

749

824

380

680

646

831

Sheep

155

320

365

341

60

227

128

Rabbit

132

170

64

108

133

147

42

Cattle

6

10

185

12

6

6

5

Dogs

 -

 -

 -

 -

 -

2

6

Frogs

 

 

 

 

 

 

6

TOTAL

128,982

118,319

102,526

103,271

108,204

102,089

99,509

Types of animals used

Approximate number of procedures involving animals under the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986, on Home Office project licences held under the University of Glasgow establishment licence:

Species

2021

2022

2023

2024

Mice

96,784*

102,685*

97,206*

91,199*

Rats

1,554

1,119

880

1020

Hamsters

252

423

141

258

Gerbils

65

39

46

22

Fish                         

3,775

3,059

2,788

5,992

Bird

380

680

646

831

Sheep

341

60

227

128

Rabbit

108

133

147

42

Cattle

12

6

6

5

Dogs

-

-

 2

6

Frogs

 

 

 

6

Total

103,271

108,204

102,089 

99,509

Severity levels of animal research

Any activity that can cause an animal pain, suffering or distress is referred to as a ‘procedure’. A procedure can be as mild as an injection or as severe as a surgical intervention.  All procedures are defined by the Home Office using different classifications – Subthreshold, Mild, Moderate, Severe and Non-recovery. Most research at the University of Glasgow is either mild or subthreshold.

The levels of severity animals experience are:

  • Subthreshold: where the animals do not suffer
  • Mild: causes short-term mild pain, suffering or distress
  • Moderate: causes short-term moderate pain, suffering or distress or long-lasting mild pain, suffering or distress
  • Severe: causes short-term severe pain, suffering or distress, or long-lasting moderate pain, suffering or distress
  • Non-recovery: the animal is placed under general anaesthetic before the start of the procedure and is humanely killed without ever regaining consciousness

Severity of procedures carried out in 2024

 a graph showing severity in animal procedures for 2024. 58.07% sub threshold, 23.34% mild, 17.27% moderate, 0.89% severe, 0.42% non recovery

 

 

Severity level of procedures

2024

Total

%

Sub threshold

57,789

58.07

Mild

23,222

23.34

Moderate

17,187

17.27

Severe

890

0.89

Non recovery

421

0.42

 

99,509

100

More from the University

 

For more information about UK legislation on animal research

 

To find out more about how scientists are finding new ways to carry out research without using animals

 

For more information about why animal research is carried out, how it has contributed to medical treatments and the types of procedures undertaken